Again, using our main image as an example, it is shown here for reference and comparison. As we go through various changes or manipulations on this page, come back when necessary and compare with this original, to help see the effects used.

I have split the first picture into top and bottom halves. The top half has had an adjustment of +15% in both contast and brightness. The lower half has received a -15% change in both contrast and brightness. Any given image can usually, after scanning, or to suit taste, be "tweaked" to improve.

Saturation - it is not particularly in need of an adjustment, but I have again split it into top and bottom halves with the changes. Using a hue control tool, the top shows a purposely extreme saturation increase of 50% - the lower half has been reduced in saturation by 50% - leading to a grey effect as color is "washed" out.

Color balance is very subjective. But we can make changes ...... Using a color balance tool and with a three way split, we have an addition of, from top to bottom - +20% Red & +20% contrast. Then in the middle we have +20% Green and +20% contrast. Finally at the bottom there is a +20% Blue and +20% contrast. All are exaggerated.

A useful tool for retouching and removing of defects, is the clone tool - This example shows the target and source (with cross) markers as they appear in use - and we have placed head copies either side. The right is a 50% feathered version, with softened edges, the left (with target circle) being at zero feather and so an outer edge which is hard.

Sometimes, a small area within an image requires a degree of lightening or darkening - usually only by a small amount. Here, just as a demonstration of the tool, I have added lightening and darkening circles ranging over 10% to 80% for each. This is purposely extreme. Feathering here is zero - normally a degree of edge softening would be necessary.

A shape tool is often needed to draw squares, lines, circles etc - with or without fills, and varying line thicknesses. Here - a random selection of shapes and fills - the fill and line colors used being taken from the image itself by another useful tool - the "eyedropper" color sampling tool. This can aid matching of colors within the same image.

Finally for now - there is the simple text tool. It is often necessary to overlay text on images - and again, the use of the "eyedropper" sampling tool will enable a color to be picked for the text, that is already present in the original image. Font choice is only limited by availability, and size of course is chosen to suit taste and the application.